dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
SOSOKK, malangpost.id – Maksudnya apa?. Di artikel ini akan dibahas tentang peran dari dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo yang membawa dampak besar bagi adanya wabah Pes di tahun 1910 khususnya di Indonesia. Dengan adanya wabah Covid-19, penulis mencoba memaparkan kembali wabah yang pernah ada di masa lalu.
Wabah ini hampir sama dengan Covid, karena sama-sama mematikan. Namanya wabah Pes, yang mana membuat aktivitas masyarakat saat itu menjadi lumpuh dan membuat kewalahan para medis. Wabah ini disebabkan oleh bakteri yersinia pestis (pes).
Simak penjelasannya berikut ini!
Penyakit ini berasal dari Tikus yang terkena Bakteri Pes
Iya, wabah ini adanya karena tikus sedang terkena bakteri bernama Pes. Penularan lewat kutu-kutu di badan tikus dan kemudian menggigit manusia dan itu yang disayangkan. Menular. Manusia yang terkena Pes bisa menularkan penyakitnya ke orang lain. Jadi hati-hati yah.
Gejala yang ditimbulkan berbeda-beda tergantung bagian tubuh mana yang terkena. Bagian tubuh yang bisa terkena diantaranya getah bening, paru-paru, dan pembuluh darah. Wabah ini merupakan penyakit yang mematikan.
Pada tahun 1400-an Eropa diserang wabah Pes dan bisa disebut sebagai Black Death (maut hitam). Memakan korban sekitar 25 juta saat itu dan lebih dari sepertiga populasi penduduk Eropa saat itu. Tahun 1910, wabah ini masuk ke Indonesia.
Bagaimana Kelanjutannya?
Sekitar tahun 1905-1910 Indonesia sudah dijajah oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda dan mengalami kegagalan panen. Kesediaan pangan otomatis berkurang, padahal ,asyarakat butuh akan hal itu. Pemerintah memutuskan untuk impor beras dari Myanmar.
Pemerintah tetap mengimpor beras dari sana walaupun di Myanmar saat itu terkena wabah Pes. Alasannya tikus di Myanmar tidak sama seperti di Indonesia, padahal sama. Beras pun masuk ke Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak di Surabaya. Kemudian dikirim ke Malang.
Media komunikasi saat itu sederhana, sehingga persebaran tentang wabah itu terhambat. Karena ternyata, tikus yang hadir di pelabuhan itu kerasan alias betah di Malang. Setelah datang, sudah ada 17 orang yang meninggal akibat wabah ini.
Penyebaran Wabah Pes Apa Sih?
Kenapa bakteri ini menyebar di Malang, kok tidak di Surabaya saja?. Karena pada saat itu, Malang terkenal dengan daerah yang cukup dingin maupun sejuk, sehingga bakterinya menyebar dan bertahan lama disini.
Pada saat itu, kekuasaan berada di tangan Hindia Belanda (sebagai penjajah), raja, pejabat, dan bangsawan. Rakyat hanyalah jelata yang mengemban tugas sesuai kebutuhan maupun maunya si raja. Adanya feudal dan rasisme ini membuat kehidupan berkasta. Adanya diskriminasi sosial.
Perjalanan dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dalam melawan wabah ini adalah dengan membuka praktik di Solo sendiri yang sebelumnya resign dari kerjaannya di luar negeri dulu. Beliau adalah lulusan sekolah kedokteran yang ada di Indonesia pada masa itu bernama STOVIA.
Terus?
Dengan mengetahui wabah Pes sedang ada di Malang, maka ia meminta kepada pemerintah untuk ditugaskan ke Malang. Tetapi hal tersebut tidak digubris dan ia nekat untuk resign seperti yang sudah disinggung di atas dan langsung menolong rakyat disana.
Ia tiba di Malang, dan menyusuri pelosok-pelosok desa yang terkena wabah Pes. Saat itu, dr. Cipto hanya turun tanpa peralatan lengkap seperti dokter sekarang, tanpa masker dan lain sebagainya. Padahal wabah itu bisa menyerang paru-paru.
Hanya dua dokter saat itu yang mau mengabdi untuk menolong wabah ini. dan itu adalah mahasiswa dari Indonesia semua.
Ia menyerahkan nasibnya kepada Tuhan. Perjuangannya sangat mengesankan sekali. Apalagi tulisan ini tidak menggambarkan cukup akan ketulusan yang ia berikan kepada Indonesia. Kisah-kisah lain pasti ada dan cukup digambarkan secara jelas saja dari sini sehingga anda bisa memetik hikmah dari sini.
Semoga bisa belajar dari tulisan ini.
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